Epiglottitis vs. Laryngotracheobronchitis (Croup)
Emergency differentiation between viral croup (barking cough) and bacterial epiglottitis (tripod, drooling, absence of cough), and airway preservation rules.
High-Yield Clinical Takeaways & NCLEX Priorities
- Epiglottitis is a medical emergency characterized by the 4 D's: Drooling, Dysphagia, Dysphonia, Distressed inspiratory stridor.
- NEVER inspect the throat with a tongue blade or swab when epiglottitis is suspected—this can cause complete laryngospasm and fatal airway occlusion.
- Keep child calm in parent's lap in tripod position and prepare for emergency endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy.
1. Critical Airway Protocol
Epiglottitis is primarily caused by Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib). Children appear toxic, restless, and agitated with absence of cough. Contrast this with Croup, which presents with low-grade fever, inspiratory stridor, and a characteristic brassy 'seal-bark' cough treated with cool mist and nebulized epinephrine.
Ready to test this topic on Next Gen NCLEX items?
Access clinical scenario questions, readiness assessments, and complete option-by-option rationale breakdowns.